Carburetor



Aug. 22, 1933. I M N 3 1,923,537

CARBURETOR Filed Jan. 8, 1930 Patented Aug. 22, 1933 1,923,537 CARBURETOR Grant Hammond, New Haven, Conn, Application January 8, 1930. Serial No. 419,242

18 Claims.

My invention relates to the class of devices that are employed for the purpose ofmixing fluids,more .especially'for combustion purposes, and an object of my invention, among others, is the production of a device of this class that shall be extremely eflicient for the purpose for which it is employed.

One form of a carburetor embodying my invention and in the construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others, may be attained, is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure 1 is a. view in central lengthwise section through my improved carburetor showing the valves closed.

Figure 2 is a side view of the same.

Figure 3 is a view in cross section on a plane denoted by the dotted line 33 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a. detail view illustrating the construction and operation of the throttle cam and on a plane denoted by the dotted line 4-4 of Figure 1. V

Figure 5 is" an isometric view of the outer end,

of the throttle lever and its connected actuator.

In the accompanying drawing the numeral 5 indicates the shell of my improved carburetor that may be provided in its interior with a venturi- 6. section and it has a flange '7 as a means for attaching the shell to a support therefor. A shallow groove 8 isformed in one side of the shell, extending lengthwise thereof and a valve support 9 is'seated in this groove for sliding movement therein.

A housing 10 is fitted in said groove, being seated at one end against a spacer 11 and being held in place at this end by a screw'passing through the upper end of the housing and spacer, and also through a plate 12 secured tightly against the outer surface ofthe shell as by means of screws and firmly holding the housing in position. A chamber 13 is formed'within the support 9 and as shown in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawing, in which chamber the support 9 freely slides. r

A wearing plate 14, preferably of hard, tough metal, is secured in a recess in the support 9, this plate having a hole 15 of peculiar shape to be hereinafter described, and in which hole a throttle crank pin 16 projects from the end of a throttle shaft 17 mounted in a hub in the plate 12 and having a throttle lever 18 secured to its outer end.

The housing 10 has a supporting foot 19 pro- This shell is preferably round in cross jecting from its end across the end of the shell- (Cl. Mil-) 5, and as shown in Figure l of the drawing, said foot having a threaded recess to receive the lower end of a fuel inlet tube 20 to which combustible I p fluid is supplied as through a threadednipple 21 connected in any desired manner with a source of fluid supply. r A needle valve 22 is seated against a valve closving spring 23 located in the tube 20; said spring projecting through an outlet port in the inner end of said tube 20, and as shownin Figure 1.

The tube 20 projects lengthwise within an idling air supply tube 25, extending inwardly from one.

end of the shell 5 and supported by an adjusting nut 26 through which said air tube projects and within which it loosely fits for sliding movement therein, said nut being attached byinterengaging screw threads to a main air or throttle valve 27 seated squarely against the end of the shell 5 V which forms a valvev seat therefor, said valve being rigidly secured to one end of the valve support v9. The edge of this valve and the-edge of the shell are-oppdsitely beveled to reduce to a minimum the contacting surface between the valve seat and valve as shown in Figures 1 and 2. From this it will be seen that the main air or throttle valve is moved bodily away from the end of the shell against which it is seated and air is admitted equally to the shell around all sides of the valve, this movement being effected through the operation of the sliding support 9 that: is actuated through the medium of the throttle lever 18.

A valve actuating bar 28 extends across the end of the tube 25 in contact with theend of the needle valve, and. when the throttle valve 27 is operated to admit air it effects movement of the tube 25 thereby actuating the needle valve to admit fluid within the shell 5'. By turning the nut 26 in the valve 27 the position of the tube 25 and bar 28 are changed, thereby adjusting the needle valve 22 for supply, of fuel for idling purposes of the engine.

Air inlet holes 29 are formed through the side of the tube 25 at its lower end and a valve 30 in the form of a flanged nutis screw threadedly engaged with the end of said tube 25, the flange on the valve being located opposite the holes 29, and by turning the valve 30, the sizes of the holes may be regulated for admission of the proper amount.

of air for idling operation of the engine.

. There isa material advantage in causing'the throttle valve to leave its seat on the end of the shell 5 simultaneously at all points around the 0 edge of the shell, the air being thereby admitted in substantially equal amounts on all sides whereby a most thorough mixing of the air and combustion fluid takes place. 5 When'the valve is seatedquite a little more force is r quired to unseat it than is required to afterwards efi'ect its movement, and I have therefore provided means to elTect a very slow movement of the valve away from its seat as compared with the rate of movement of the hrottle actuator, and to gradually accelerate this movement in proportion to the distance traveled by the valve away from it's seat. 'A part of this mechanism embodies an unseating member comprising the pin 16 and its cam connection with the support 9. 'In

this arrangement herein shownthe point of contact between the crank pinlG' and the slide 9 when the throttle valve is closed is substantially in the axial line of the'slide 9, that is, a line drawn 20 centrally through the slide lengthwise thereof; and the pin is in contact with an edge of the hole 15 extending substantially at right angles to said axial line said edge atits inner end extending slightly away from the pin and as shown in Figure 4. 'Ainose 31 is extended from the pinlfi and this nose'may be relieved on' that side adjacentto the edge of the hole 15. f I

Another part of the mechanism includes an accelerating member for accelerating valve movement is embodiedin the shape of the throt- 'tle lever 18 and in its connection with a throttle actuating rod 32 extending from the throttle lever and connected in any suitable mannerwith the means for manually operating the throttle mechanism. The edge 33 is especially curved to g contact with a shoe 34 secured between .the branches of the forked end of the rod 32, said shoe also being slightly curvedas shown in Figure 20f the drawing. The radius of the curve 0 of the edge 33 ofthe throttle lever isgradually decreased, becoming very abrupt at the inner end -Where itterminates in a notch 35' into which the end of the shoe 34 sinks toward or at the end of the opening movement of the throttle or main air valve 27. s Y i From this it will be seen that the degree of rotation of the throttle shaft 17 is comparatively movement of the throttle valve 27 is accentuated I J andj'further materially lessened by the arrange- 'ment-of the'crank pin 16 and holeJ15 engaged thereby in which the degree of movement of the will be comparatively great, but as the valve is unseated sufiiciently to overcome the forc e holding it to its seat, the'nose 31 takes action against the straight edge of the hole 15 with a result 7 that the opening movement ofthe valve will be accelerated without increased rate of movement the valveatthe beginning-of opening movement thereof and to gradually. lessen such during-such opening movement.

' ac'tuatingrod 32, and this slowness of openingv lever 18 as compared with theamount of move-i ment of theslide 10, and hence the throttle valve,

leverage The throttle lever extends through between the branches of the forked end of the rod 32, and said branches pass through notches in opposite ends of the hub 36 of said lever 18. A' spring pressed plunger 37 extends out of a hole in the rod 32 and is pressed against the edge of the lever 18, and as shown in dotted lines in Figure 2, this plunger with its spring affording a yielding connection between the rod 32 and the lever 18 and the-spring acting to swing the lever 18 to and maintain it in its closed position as shown in Figure 2. V p

It is often desirable to suddenly-enrich the mixture by increasing the amount of combustible fluid in proportion to the amount of air, in order 'mechanism for operating the throttle valve; I accomplish this by suddenly reducing the end 38 ofthe needle valve at such distance from the mouth of the inlet tube 20 as will not be required for use except under conditions requiring increased power. Under ordinary conditions of running, as on down-grades', level stretches, or slight up-g'rades, that portion of the needle valve up to the shoulder defining the reduced end 38 will be sufficient to maintain'any speed for which the-vehicle is designed. When the requirement for extra power suddenly takes place, all that is needed is to give added movement to the throttle mechanism so that the reduced end 38 of the valve will be drawn into the mouth of the opening in the tube 20, thereby suddenly enriching the mixture. 7

- For priming purposes, as for starting operations, I may employ a priming rod 39 having one end engaged with the flange ofthe valve 30 and its opposite end engaged with a priming lever 40 pivotally mounted on the foot-l9 andarranged to be connectedwith any suitable manually operated priming device in a manner that will be readily understood; By operatingthe lever l0, it will be noted that the air, supply tube 25 is pulled outwardly thereby causing the bar 23 to open the needle valve, and this without affectmg the airinlets. d

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutesl have described the principles of operation of my invention, togetherwith the device which now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; butl desire to have it understood that thedevice shown is only illustra tive, and that theinvention may be carried out by'other means and applied to uses other than those above set out.

I claim I d Y LA c'aslnrretor including a shell, a throttle valve "for admitting air to said shell, a valve actuating member, and a connection between said valve and actuating member arranged to apply a maximumamountpf leverage at the beginning of opening movement of the valve and to gradually decrease said leverage during such opening movement by a constant movement of the accelerating member.

2. A carburetor including a shell, a throttle valve for admitting air to said shell, avalve op,

erating member, and a connection between said valve and said operating member, said connection including a rotatably mounted pin and a member having a hole with a pin engaging edge, said pin having a nose extending to accelerate valve movement after unseating movement thereof.

3. A carburetor including a shellfa throttle valve for admitting air to said shell, a valve actuating member, and a connection between said valve and actuating member including a rotatably mounted pin engaged with the edge of a hole in a member of said connection, said pin having an extended nose to accelerate valve movement after the unseating movement thereof, and said nose being relieved on that side toward the edge to retard rate of opening movement of the valve.

4. A carburetor including a shell open at one end, a throttle valve seated against the end of said shell, a slide located in a groove in the outer side of said shell and rigidly secured to said valve, a slide housing secured to the side of the shell to cover said slide, a throttle shaft rotatably mounted in said housing and engaged with said slide, and a throttle lever secured to said shaft.

5. A carburetor including a shell open at one end, a throttle valve seated against the end of said shell, a slide located in a groove in the outer side of said shell and rigidly secured to said valve, a slide housing secured to the side of the shell to cover said slide and having a supporting foot extending opposite the end of said shell, carbureting mechanism supported by said foot, a throttle shaft rotatably mounted in said housing and engaged with said slide, and a throttle lever secured to said shaft.

6. A carburetor including a shell open at one end in line with its axis, a throttle valve seated upon the edge of said opening outside of the shell, means for operating said valve, an inlet for combustible fluid to the interior of the shell, a valve for said inlet with its end located within the shell, a valve actuating bar engaged with said end of said valve, and an operative connection between said bar and the valve seated against the edge of the opening in the end of the shell.

'7. A carburetor including a shell open at one end, a throttle valve seated'upon the edge of said opening, means for operating said valve, a fuel tube extending through said valve to supply a combustible fluid to the interior of the shell, a needle valve in said tube and projecting beyond its outer end, an air supply tube secured to the throttle valve and enclosing said fuel tube, and a bar extending across the mouth of said air supply tube to engage the end of said needle valve.'

8. A carburetor including a shell open at one end, a throttle valve seated upon the edge of said opening, a slide movably mounted on the shell and rigidly connected with said valve, 2. housing having a supporting foot located oppo site the opening into the shell, means for operating said slide, a fuel conducting tube secured to said foot and projecting into the shell, an air supply tube secured to the throttle valve and projecting into the shell surrounding the fuel con-' ducting tube, a bar extending across the mouth of said air conducting tube, and a needle valve located in said fuel conducting tube and projecting beyond the mouth thereof in the path of movement of said bar.

'9. A carburetor including a shell open at one end, a throttle valve seated upon the edge of said opening, means for operating said throttle valve, an adjusting nut screw threadedly engaged with the throttlevalve, an air conducting tube secured to said'nut and projecting into the shellafuelconducting tube projecting into said air conducting tube and connected with a source of fuel. supply,

a bar projecting across the mouth of said air supplytube, and a needle valve projectingout of the end of 'said fuel supply tubein the path of movement of said bar. a

'10. A carburetor including a shell open at one end, a throttle valve seated against the edge of the opening in said shell, means for operating said valve, an air conducting tube secured to the throttle valve and projecting into theshell', and having lateral openings in its outer end, a valve adjustably mounted on the end of said air conducting tube to regulate the size of said openings,

and means for supplying fuel within said shell.

the size of said openings, and means for introduc-.

ing a combustible fluid into said air supply tube and for regulating the flow of said fluid.

12. A carburetor including a shell, a throttle valve to control flow of fluid into said shell, 2. throttle actuating member, a connection between said member and said valve and including a lever having a curved edge gradually decreasing in radius from its outer end inwardly and a member engaging said lever, and means for gradually changing the points of engagement of said lever and member duringthe operation of actuating said valve.

13. A carubretor including a shell, a throttle valve to control flow of fluid into, said shell, a throttle actuating memben-aconnection between said member and said valve and including a pivotally mounted lever having a curved edge, and a shoe projecting from said'member into contact with the curved edge of said lever.

14. A carburetor including a shell, a throttle valve to control flow of fluid into said shell, a throttle actuating member, a connection between said member and said valve and including a pivotally mounted lever, means to engage said lever and said member for sliding movement of said member relatively to said lever but to prevent V lateral movement of said member relatively to said lever, and a shoe projecting from said member into contact with the edge of said lever.

15. A carburetor including a shell, a throttle valve to control flow of. fluid into said shell, a

throttle actuating member, a connection between 16. A- carburetor including a shell, a throttle valveto control flow of fluid into said shell, a throttle actuating member, a connection between said member and said valve and including a pivmechanism for increasingthe amount of opening movement of said .valve in proportion to the 7 amount of movement of said member.

18. A carburetor including a. shell, a throttle valve to controlflow of fluid into said shell, a

throttle actuating member, a-connection between said member and said valve and including means for increasing the amount of opening movement of said valve in proportion to the amount of movement of said member, and a supplemental mechanism including a lever with means for decreasing'the power of said lever during the opening movement-of said .valve; 7

- GRANT HAMMOND. 

